FISH can detect TERRORISM? Wednesday, Sep 20 2006 

Yes, apparently they can. It’s amazing how we can go fishing, or consume fish, or simply watch fish, but we never really give them a second thought. Of course, we’d never think that these underwater organisms could be of such significant help to us humans.

Large cities such as San Francisco, New York, and Washington are using fish called bluegills in coal mines and water treatment plants to guard their drinking water. The fish are kept in tanks and sensors are used to detect changes in the breathing, heartbeat, and swim patterns of the fish when they are exposed to toxic chemicals.

Ever since the September 11 attacks, the national government has been very careful to monitor the United States water supply and make sure that it is not prone to terrorist attacks.

Bluegills, usually sizes as small as the human hand, can sense when toxins are present. This becomes obvious when they flex their gills in an effort to rid themselves of these toxins. The blue gills can detect such substances as cyanides, diesel fuel, mercury, and pesticides. 

These fish, however, are limited as to their “detecting” abilities. While they are able to identify many toxins, they cannot detect germs.

This new device is called the Intelligent Aquatic Biomonitoring System and has been requested by many other cities to be put into use. The cost is expensive, though, starting at $45,000.

I think this is really interesting. Normally, we probably wouldn’t think of fish as protective of us, but in a sense, they are when they are used in this manner. I think that as many cities in the U.S. as possible should try to implement these tanks of bluegills. That way, we can at least be fairly certain that we are preventing terrorist attacks by toxic chemicals in the national water supply. We don’t really have this kind of control over any other kinds of attacks, so these fish should be used for our advantage.

Source: Environmental News Network.

Picture: http://www.kdwp.state.ks.us/var/news/storage/images/fishing/fishing_image_gallery/bluegill/9882-2-eng-US/bluegill_imagelarge.jpg

What’s the deal with the Greenhouse Effect? Friday, Sep 15 2006 

 Yes, we’ve all heard the term “greenhouse effect” before. But what really goes on here?

Recent evidence of the greenhouse effect has been shown in the decrease of perennial sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. This is the kind of ice that is supposed to stay frozen all year long. The decrease in this ice is happening not only in the summer, but in the winter too! The amount of ice in the Arctic is dropping in increasingly larger percentages. In fact, over the past couple years, perennial ice has been about 6 percent smaller than the average amount over the last 26 years.

So what’s the deal with this “lost” ice?

A satellite image was taken. It shows a huge hole in the “summer” ice north of Alaska. This hole is called a polynya and is about the size of Maryland. The polar bear population has dropped by a shocking 22 percent in the Hudson Bay. This is because they hunt on Arctic ice, and when the ice melts, they are forced to find land.

The greenhouse effect is said to happen when greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. These gases result from the burning of fossil fuels, and they trap Earth’s heat (like the glass of a greenhouse). This, some scientists believe, leads to the problem of global warming.

James Hansen, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, stated: “It is not too late to save the Arctic, but it requires that we begin to slow carbon dioxide emissions this decade.”

I’m going to have to agree. It’s important that emissions of these gases are reduced. If perennial ice keeps melting, what’ll happen when it’s all gone? The greenhouse effect and its relative, global warming, need carefull attention because they are slowly but surely putting the environment in danger.

Source: Environmental News Network.

Picture: http://www.nature.com/news/2003/030922/images/iceberg_180.jpg

Africa: Highest Risk for Toxic Waste Sunday, Sep 10 2006 

 

Recent news tells us that Africa is “vulnerable to a growing and ill-regulated trade in hazardous waste.”

Chemicals and pesticides are being dumped haphazardly in Africa due to lack of laws restricting such behaviors as well as companies not taking responsibility for the clean-up.

Ships such as the Probo Koala that dump their cargoes onto certain areas of Africa are making ill and even killing people. One such case occurred in August in Ivory Coast near the city of Abidjan.

A U.N. report states that “The amount of waste on the move is increasing rapidly.” Well that’s not a comforting statement. I think it’s a cause for great concern. What’s going to happen to Africa if this keeps up?

The Probo Koala was chartered and the waste from it was found to be a mixture of gasoline, water, and caustic washings. A certified waste company called Tommy was given a request for safe disposal of the waste.

Helen Perivier, an anti-toxics campaigner at the Greenpeace environmental group, said: “Anywhere where a country is suffering from political or economic instability there is always room for it to be treated as a dumping ground.”

And we all know that Africa is the poorest continent in the world, so sadly they’re forced to deal with this.

Source: Environmental News Network.

Picture: http://url.co.nz/african_trip/Images/small_map.jpg

Sunlight Harms More Than Just Skin Sunday, Sep 3 2006 

I recently read an article about how sunlight turns an antiepileptic drug, carbamazepine, into a toxic compound called acridine. The structure of this drug makes it apt to break down under certain conditions, particularly when it is exposed to UV radiation. Carbamazepine is a popular drug that is used to treat seizures and bipolar disorder. Because of its heavy consumption, it has high concentrations in the environment.

A researcher at the University of Provence in France led a team that simulated the conditions of these decomposed carbamazepines. They emitted them to UV rays and documented the photodegradation of the drug, paying close attention to its behavior around chlorine. Acridine, a harmful compound, was found among the breakdown products.

It is important to note that these simulated conditions did not take place in the natural environment. The light source and carbamazepine levels used by the researchers differed greatly from those in the environment. According to Chris Metcalfe of Trent University in Canada, “The work still is a bench-scale kind of experimental system. The next step would be obviously to look at it in natural conditions.”

Source: Environmental Science and Technology Online.